Richard I. Klein, Robert Fisher, Christopher McKee, Mark Krumholz

The Collapse and Fragmentation of Turbulent Molecular Cloud Cores:the Formation of Low Mass stars

Developing a comprehensive theory of star formation remains one of the most elusive, and most important, goals of theoretical astrophysics. Stars form when dense clumps within molecular clouds undergo gravitational collapse and fragment into smaller components that in turn condense into stars. Basic questions concerning this process remain unanswered. What determines the fraction of an unstable cloud that will fragment into protostellar objects? What determines the pattern of stellar clustering into binaries and multiple systems? Even after fragmentation occurs, we have little understanding of the subsequent collapse. Consequently, it is unclear how the mass distribution of fragments maps onto eventual stellar masses, something we must understand to explain the stellar initial mass function (IMF). A great computational challenge of low mass star formation involves following the collapse and fragmentation of molecular clouds over a range of 20 orders of magnitude in density and 7 orders of magnitude on spatial scale. I will discuss the development and the implementation of the numerical AMR methodology that will contribute to answering these questions. This methodology consists of a 3D parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) self-gravitational radiation-hydrodynamics code that we have developed. I will present new results for the gravitational collapse of turbulent molecular clouds, the formation of molecular cloud cores within the clouds, and the collapse and fragmentation of the cloud cores to form single, binary and multiple stellar systems. I will disuss the role of turbulence and radiation in the formation of low mass stars.